Laravel 5 系列入门教程(四)【最适合中国人的 Laravel 教程】【完结】
本教程示例代码见:https://github.com/johnlui/Learn-Laravel-5
大家在任何地方卡住,最快捷的解决方式就是去看我的示例代码。
本文是本系列教程的完结篇,我们将一起给 Page 加入评论功能,让游客在前台页面可以查看、提交、回复评论,同时我们将在后台完善评论管理功能,可以删除、编辑评论。Page 和评论将使用 Eloquent 提供的“一对多关系”。最终,我们将得到一个个人博客系统的雏形,并布置一个大作业,供大家实战练习。
1. 初识 Eloquent
Laravel Eloquent ORM 是 Laravel 中非常重要的部分,也是 Laravel 能如此流行的原因之一。中文文档在:
1. http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.0/eloquent
2. http://www.golaravel.com/laravel/docs/5.0/eloquent/
在前面的教程中已经建立好的 learnlaravel5/app/Page.php 就是一个 Eloquent Model 类:
<?php namespace App; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Page extends Model { // }
若想进一步了解 Eloquent,推荐阅读系列文章:深入理解 Laravel Eloquent
2. 创建 Comment 模型
首先我们要新建一张表来存储 Comment,命令行运行:
php artisan make:model Comment
成功以后,修改 migration 文件 learnlaravel5/database/migrations/***_create_comments_table.php 的相应位置为:
Schema::create('comments', function(Blueprint $table) { $table->increments('id'); $table->string('nickname'); $table->string('email')->nullable(); $table->string('website')->nullable(); $table->text('content')->nullable(); $table->integer('page_id'); $table->timestamps(); });
之后运行:
php artisan migrate
去数据库里瞧瞧,comments 表已经躺在那儿啦。
3. 建立“一对多关系”
修改 Page 模型:
<?php namespace App; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Page extends Model { public function hasManyComments() { return $this->hasMany('App\Comment', 'page_id', 'id'); } }
搞定啦~ Eloquent 中模型间关系就是这么简单。
模型间关系中文文档:http://laravel-china.org/docs/5.0/eloquent#relationships
扩展阅读:深入理解 Laravel Eloquent(三)——模型间关系(关联)
4. 前台提交功能
修改 Comment 模型:
<?php namespace App; use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model; class Comment extends Model { protected $fillable = ['nickname', 'email', 'website', 'content', 'page_id']; }
增加一行路由:
Route::post('comment/store', 'CommentsController@store');
运行以下命令创建 CommentsController 控制器:
php artisan make:controller CommentsController
修改 CommentsController:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use App\Http\Requests; use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; use Illuminate\Http\Request; use Redirect, Input; use App\Comment; class CommentsController extends Controller { public function store() { if (Comment::create(Input::all())) { return Redirect::back(); } else { return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('评论发表失败!'); } } }
修改视图 learnlaravel5/resources/views/pages/show.blade.php:
@extends('_layouts.default') @section('content') <h4> <a href="/">⬅️返回首页</a> </h4> <h1 style="text-align: center; margin-top: 50px;">{{ $page->title }}</h1> <hr> <div id="date" style="text-align: right;"> {{ $page->updated_at }} </div> <div id="content" style="padding: 50px;"> <p> {{ $page->body }} </p> </div> <div id="comments" style="margin-bottom: 100px;"> @if (count($errors) > 0) <div class="alert alert-danger"> <strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br> <ul> @foreach ($errors->all() as $error) <li>{{ $error }}</li> @endforeach </ul> </div> @endif <div id="new"> <form action="{{ URL('comment/store') }}" method="POST"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"> <input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $page->id }}"> <div class="form-group"> <label>Nickname</label> <input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;" required="required"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Email address</label> <input type="email" name="email" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Home page</label> <input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" style="width: 300px;"> </div> <div class="form-group"> <label>Content</label> <textarea name="content" id="newFormContent" class="form-control" rows="10" required="required"></textarea> </div> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-lg btn-success col-lg-12">Submit</button> </form> </div> <script> function reply(a) { var nickname = a.parentNode.parentNode.firstChild.nextSibling.getAttribute('data'); var textArea = document.getElementById('newFormContent'); textArea.innerHTML = '@'+nickname+' '; } </script> <div class="conmments" style="margin-top: 100px;"> @foreach ($page->hasManyComments as $comment) <div class="one" style="border-top: solid 20px #efefef; padding: 5px 20px;"> <div class="nickname" data="{{ $comment->nickname }}"> @if ($comment->website) <a href="{{ $comment->website }}"> <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3> </a> @else <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3> @endif <h6>{{ $comment->created_at }}</h6> </div> <div class="content"> <p style="padding: 20px;"> {{ $comment->content }} </p> </div> <div class="reply" style="text-align: right; padding: 5px;"> <a href="#new" onclick="reply(this);">回复</a> </div> </div> @endforeach </div> </div> @endsection
前台评论功能完成。
查看效果:
5. 后台管理功能
修改基础视图 learnlaravel5/resources/views/app.blade.php 为:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Laravel</title> <link href="/css/app.css" rel="stylesheet"> <!-- Fonts --> <link href='http://fonts.useso.com/css?family=Roboto:400,300' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'> </head> <body> <nav class="navbar navbar-default"> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="navbar-header"> <button type="button" class="navbar-toggle collapsed" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <span class="sr-only">Toggle Navigation</span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> <span class="icon-bar"></span> </button> <a class="navbar-brand" href="#">Learn Laravel 5</a> </div> <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1"> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="/admin">后台首页</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav"> <li><a href="/admin/comments">管理评论</a></li> </ul> <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right"> @if (Auth::guest()) <li><a href="/auth/login">Login</a></li> <li><a href="/auth/register">Register</a></li> @else <li class="dropdown"> <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-expanded="false">{{ Auth::user()->name }} <span class="caret"></span></a> <ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu"> <li><a href="/auth/logout">Logout</a></li> </ul> </li> @endif </ul> </div> </div> </nav> @yield('content') <!-- Scripts --> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.3/jquery.min.js"></script> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/3.3.1/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> </body> </html>
修改后台路由组(增加了一行):
Route::group(['prefix' => 'admin', 'namespace' => 'Admin', 'middleware' => 'auth'], function() { Route::get('/', 'AdminHomeController@index'); Route::resource('pages', 'PagesController'); Route::resource('comments', 'CommentsController'); });
创建 Admin\CommentsController :
php artisan make:controller Admin/CommentsController
Admin/CommentsController 要有 查看所有、查看单个、POST更改、删除四个接口:
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers\Admin; use App\Http\Requests; use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; use Illuminate\Http\Request; use App\Comment; use Redirect, Input; class CommentsController extends Controller { public function index() { return view('admin.comments.index')->withComments(Comment::all()); } public function edit($id) { return view('admin.comments.edit')->withComment(Comment::find($id)); } public function update(Request $request, $id) { $this->validate($request, [ 'nickname' => 'required', 'content' => 'required', ]); if (Comment::where('id', $id)->update(Input::except(['_method', '_token']))) { return Redirect::to('admin/comments'); } else { return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('更新失败!'); } } public function destroy($id) { $comment = Comment::find($id); $comment->delete(); return Redirect::to('admin/comments'); } }
接下来创建两个视图:
learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/index.blade.php:
@extends('app') @section('content') <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading">管理评论</div> <div class="panel-body"> <table class="table table-striped"> <tr class="row"> <th class="col-lg-4">Content</th> <th class="col-lg-2">User</th> <th class="col-lg-4">Page</th> <th class="col-lg-1">编辑</th> <th class="col-lg-1">删除</th> </tr> @foreach ($comments as $comment) <tr class="row"> <td class="col-lg-6"> {{ $comment->content }} </td> <td class="col-lg-2"> @if ($comment->website) <a href="{{ $comment->website }}"> <h4>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h4> </a> @else <h3>{{ $comment->nickname }}</h3> @endif {{ $comment->email }} </td> <td class="col-lg-4"> <a href="{{ URL('pages/'.$comment->page_id) }}" target="_blank"> {{ App\Page::find($comment->page_id)->title }} </a> </td> <td class="col-lg-1"> <a href="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id.'/edit') }}" class="btn btn-success">编辑</a> </td> <td class="col-lg-1"> <form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST" style="display: inline;"> <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="DELETE"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-danger">删除</button> </form> </td> </tr> @endforeach </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> @endsection
learnlaravel5/resources/views/admin/comments/edit.blade.php:
@extends('app') @section('content') <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading">编辑评论</div> <div class="panel-body"> @if (count($errors) > 0) <div class="alert alert-danger"> <strong>Whoops!</strong> There were some problems with your input.<br><br> <ul> @foreach ($errors->all() as $error) <li>{{ $error }}</li> @endforeach </ul> </div> @endif <form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST"> <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="PUT"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}"> <input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $comment->page_id }}"> Nickname: <input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->nickname }}"> <br> Email: <input type="text" name="email" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->email }}"> <br> Website: <input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->website }}"> <br> Content: <textarea name="content" rows="10" class="form-control" required="required">{{ $comment->content }}</textarea> <br> <button class="btn btn-lg btn-info">提交修改</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> @endsection
后台管理功能完成,查看效果:
6. 大作业
依赖于 Page 的评论功能已经全部完成,个人博客系统雏形诞生。在本系列教程的最后,布置一个大作业:构建出 Article 的前后台,并且加上 Article 与 Comment 的一对多关系,加入评论和评论管理功能。在做这个大作业的过程中,你将会反复地回头去看前面的教程,反复地阅读中文文档,会仔细阅读我的代码,等你完成大作业的时候,Laravel 5 就真正入门啦~~
教程(四)代码快照:https://github.com/johnlui/Learn-Laravel-5/archive/tutorial_4.zip
Laravel 5 系列入门教程【最适合中国人的 Laravel 教程】到此结束,谢谢大家!
评论:
2017-03-17 17:55
2016-05-26 13:32
Whoops, looks like something went wrong.
2/2
ErrorException in d70faa19897442d1f6c5b0fe0fe9864dbf3a4e7d.php line 39:
Invalid argument supplied for foreach()
查看前台评论时说foreach 的参数无效。。但是存在数据库里了啊。。


2016-05-19 21:42
我知道input可以用request->input()来代替。
2016-04-27 17:50
2/2
ErrorException in 9fcc595248053b91450538bd5aa0cdfe line 64:
Invalid argument supplied for foreach() (View: D:\WWW\laravel3\resources\views\pages\show.blade.php)
大神,我是跟着你那个这个:
前台评论功能完成。
查看效果:
这打开页面后报错说foreach 的参数无效,前面的步骤都对,我没找到原因



2016-03-20 16:09
之前一直都是把改为request了,但是Input::except(), Input::all()很好用的样子,查了下
发现5.2的版本需要在config/app.php手动添加
'Input' => Illuminate\Support\Facades\Input::class,
然后 use Input;
2016-03-05 12:22



错误信息
Sorry, the page you are looking for could not be found.
1/1
NotFoundHttpException in RouteCollection.php line 145:
in RouteCollection.php line 145
at RouteCollection->match(object(Request)) in Router.php line 719
at Router->findRoute(object(Request)) in Router.php line 642
at Router->dispatchToRoute(object(Request)) in Router.php line 618
at Router->dispatch(object(Request)) in Kernel.php line 210
2016-03-05 11:22
Whoops, looks like something went wrong.
1/1
ReflectionException in Container.php line 776:
Class App\Http\Controllers\PagesController does not exist
in Container.php line 776
at ReflectionClass->__construct('App\Http\Controllers\PagesController') in Container.php line 776
at Container->build('App\Http\Controllers\PagesController', array()) in Container.php line 656
at Container->make('App\Http\Controllers\PagesController', array()) in Application.php line 613
at Application->make('App\Http\Controllers\PagesController') in ControllerDispatcher.php line 83
at ControllerDispatcher->makeController('App\Http\Controllers\PagesController') in ControllerDispatcher.php line 54
at ControllerDispatcher->dispatch(object(Route), object(Request), 'App\Http\Controllers\PagesController', 'show') in Route.php line 198
at Route->runWithCustomDispatcher(object(Request)) in Route.php line 131
at Route->run(object(Request)) in Router.php line 691
at Router->Illuminate\Routing\{closure}(object(Request))
at call_user_func(object(Closure), object(Request)) in Pipeline.php line 141
at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request))
at call_user_func(object(Closure), object(Request)) in Pipeline.php line 101
at Pipeline->then(object(Closure)) in Router.php line 693
at Router->runRouteWithinStack(object(Route), object(Request)) in Router.php line 660
at Router->dispatchToRoute(object(Request)) in Router.php line 618
at Router->dispatch(object(Request)) in Kernel.php line 210
at Kernel->Illuminate\Foundation\Http\{closure}(object(Request))
at call_user_func(object(Closure), object(Request)) in Pipeline.php line 141
at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in VerifyCsrfToken.php line 43
at VerifyCsrfToken->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in VerifyCsrfToken.php line 17
at VerifyCsrfToken->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php line 125
at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in ShareErrorsFromSession.php line 55
at ShareErrorsFromSession->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php line 125
at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in StartSession.php line 61
at StartSession->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php line 125
at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in AddQueuedCookiesToResponse.php line 36
at AddQueuedCookiesToResponse->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php line 125
at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in EncryptCookies.php line 40
at EncryptCookies->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php line 125
at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request)) in CheckForMaintenanceMode.php line 42
at CheckForMaintenanceMode->handle(object(Request), object(Closure)) in Pipeline.php line 125
at Pipeline->Illuminate\Pipeline\{closure}(object(Request))
at call_user_func(object(Closure), object(Request)) in Pipeline.php line 101
at Pipeline->then(object(Closure)) in Kernel.php line 111
at Kernel->sendRequestThroughRouter(object(Request)) in Kernel.php line 84
at Kernel->handle(object(Request)) in index.php line 53
2016-02-24 10:28
QueryException in Connection.php line 620:
SQLSTATE[42S22]: Column not found: 1054 Unknown column '/admin/comments/1' in 'field list' (SQL: update `comments` set `page_id` = 12, `nickname` = 旺, `email` = 497580157@qq.com, `website` = www.wang.com, `content` = 这文章很不错111, `/admin/comments/1` = , `updated_at` = 2016-02-24 10:27:55 where `id` = 1)
代码:
public function update(Request $request, $id)
{
$this->validate($request, [
'nickname' => 'required',
'content' => 'required',
]);
if(Comment::where('id', $id)->update(Input::except(['_method', '_token']))){
return Redirect::to('admin/comments');
} else {
return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('更新失败!');
}
}
也不知道是哪里错了,复制楼主你的代码到我那也不行,求解
2016-02-24 10:41
array(7) {
["_method"]=>
string(3) "PUT"
["_token"]=>
string(40) "9483YWH5bLgGQ3soae7aUcFHaG5mss5bKP6jtquL"
["page_id"]=>
string(2) "12"
["nickname"]=>
string(3) "旺"
["email"]=>
string(16) "497580157@qq.com"
["website"]=>
string(12) "www.wang.com"
["content"]=>
string(21) "这文章很不错111"
}
这是我的html代码,都没有呀,555555555
<form action="{{ URL('admin/comments/'.$comment->id) }}" method="POST">
<input name="_method" type="hidden" value="PUT">
<input type="hidden" name="_token" value="{{ csrf_token() }}">
<input type="hidden" name="page_id" value="{{ $comment->page_id }}">
Nickname: <input type="text" name="nickname" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->nickname }}">
<br>
Email:<input type="text" name="email" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->email }}">
<br>
Website:<input type="text" name="website" class="form-control" required="required" value="{{ $comment->website }}">
<br>
Content:<textarea name="content" rows="10" class="form-control" required="required">{{ $comment->content }}</textarea>
<br>
<button class="btn btn-lg btn-info">提交修改</button>
</form>
2016-02-24 10:44
array(1) {
["/admin/comments/1"]=>
string(0) ""
}
有这个,但是我按照你的写,为啥下面的语句会把$_GET的也加到更新语句里,难道是我nginx里加了个重写导致的?我隐藏了index.php,把所有的参数都重写到index.php?$1里了,可能是这里,下面的语句有没有办法改成只把$_POST的数组添加进更新语句,麻烦求解
if(Comment::where('id', $id)->update(Input::except(['_method', '_token']))){
return Redirect::to('admin/comments');
} else {
return Redirect::back()->withInput()->withErrors('更新失败!');
}
2016-01-05 18:20



2017-08-07 10:20